Petrochemical chain-Phenol Production

Bisphenol-A is an important raw material for epoxy resin and polycarbonate. It is produced from acetone and phenol. Shown below is the petrochemical chain in Bisphenol-A production. Here are the links to epoxy resin production, polycarbonate production and Cumene production.

                      Fig. Petrochemical chain-Bisphenol production

How to make excercise books

The production process begins by conveying an endless ribbon of paper via unwinding unit into a printing and ruling machine. The paper is lined there, if necessary, according to the use (as writing or as an arithmetic book). Then the endless ribbon is cut into sheet layers by means of a rotary cross cutter, according to the width of the envisaged book. These sheet layers are counted and stacked.

Cumene production process flow sheet

Propylene supplied needs to be separated from Butane and Butene in a debutanizer column to obtain a pure propylene. 

Alkylation of benzene with propylene takes place in Alkylation reactors. Benzene must be recycled to

Alkyd Resin production process Updated

Process description

Alkyd resin can be manufactured by four different processes, solvent process being the main commercial process which starts by adding all the raw materials in reaction kettle and the agitation of the same is continued then, inert gas is sparged through the spare line. The vapour are condensed and recycled back to the kettle.

The reacted mass is dropped into a jacketed tank, containing the desired solvent. The cooled resin solution after thinning is filtered in filter press and sludge is removed. It is lastly tested,

Gem stone production process

 Raw Materials

The main raw materials are raw gem stones and Oxides such as Tin Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Curium Oxide and Chrome Oxide. The process generally is grading, cutting and polishing of gemstones that will be obtained from the land to be leased for this purpose. That is, first the roughs come in small rhyolite geodes filled with opal. Then the individual raw stone is

How to make egg tray from waste paper

This post  is one in a series of posts on paper like how to make re-pulped paper, paper from straw and small scale paper.

Raw Materials

To make egg trays from waste paper, the following materials are required. Waste paper, caustic soda and other fibrous materials are the main raw materials. 

The waste paper is beaten with a stick and any dust and other undesired materials are   removed. Then the  waste paper is cut in to pieces using a cutting machine which can be  operated either manually or electrically. 

The cut pieces are transferred to a beater and water is added and then the beater is set in 

Phosphoric acid production process

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Sulfuric acid production process 

Citric acid production process

Sulfuric acid production process flow sheet

Elemental sulfur (or other sulfur-containing ore) is first burned in air to form hot sulfur dioxide gas. The hot gas is cooled to about 400°C (752°F) in a waste heat boiler and then, in a catalyst tower, passed through 2 to 4 stages of platinum or vanadium catalyst to form SO3 gas.

The catalytic reaction generates a lot of heat and is reversible. The catalyst tower is, therefore, arranged with