Showing posts with label Beverage. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beverage. Show all posts
Vodka production process
Production Process
Different vodka manufacturers employ several variations to the vodka manufacturing operation; however the basic vodka manufacturing process is pretty simple and presented as follows:
Mash preparation
The grain for example in the form of wheat or vegetables is put inside a mash tub. The tub is very similar to a washing machine. While the tub rotates it breaks down the grains. Ground malt is
Soft drinks production process flow chart
The major raw materials required for production of carbonated beverage are sugar, concentrates, carbon dioxide and water.
Sugar is delivered either in hopper cars with pneumatic discharge or in bags. For reasons of micro-biological stabilization, the sugar syrup is produced in a hot dissolving process. The sugar is admixed by
Sugar is delivered either in hopper cars with pneumatic discharge or in bags. For reasons of micro-biological stabilization, the sugar syrup is produced in a hot dissolving process. The sugar is admixed by
Purified water production process with flow chart
Flow diagram of purified water bottling The source of raw water is ground water. The major auxiliary materials are polyethylene terephtalate (PET) bottles with pilfer proof caps, labels, polypropylene rolls and different chemicals required to sanitation, disinfection and other purposes. Some of them are; Polypropylene for wrapping bottles, Caustic Soda,
Beer production process with flow chart
Raw Materials
Major raw materials in beer production are Malt, additional raw materials (corn or rice) and hops.
Malt, Malt adjuncts, such as corn or rice, are crushed and stored in silos. Starch in malt adjuncts and malt is converted into liquefied starch and the soluble malt starch into dextrin and malt sugars in (6) and (7). The resulting
ALCOHOL FROM POTATOES AND RICE
Process Description
Generally alcohol produced from starch based feedstock by fermentation comprises hydrolysis, fermentation and separation, the main product and by product of the process are ethanol and carbon dioxide respectively.
a) Alcohol from grains
Grain is milled (ground) and then mixed with water to form slurry. The grain slurry is cooked to boiling, and special enzymes and/or acids added to make the starch soluble. Additional water is then added and a different enzyme used to convert the solubilized starch to sugar.
b) Alcohol from potatoes
The potato is Sliced and crushed then water is added, heated and PH adjusted, the slurry is then treated with several enzymes, the first reduces starch to dextrin then the mash is cooled and treated with a second enzyme to reduce the dextrin into sugar.
The mixture (mash) is cooled to and placed in large fermentation vats. Yeast is added and fermentation takes place over about three days during which the sugar is mostly converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Heat produced during fermentation is removed by external cooling; cooling is necessary for good yields.
Most factories discharge the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. However, it is economical to manufacture dry ice or liquid carbon dioxide from this gas.
Alcohol is removed from the fermentation mash with steam and further purified, and all water removed by distillation. The still bottoms (slop-containing unfermented byproducts and water) are fed to animals wet or processed to dried distiller's grains for animal feeds.
The system can be designed to process alcohol from potatoes. But, also grains can be processed with modification to the feed handling system on the milling/grinding step and with minor changes required in the operating parameters of the cooking section. Since the by product i.e. still bottoms is used as animal feed the plant will have no adverse impact on the environment. Any liquid waste to be generated in the factory will be collected in a concrete made containment for the water to be evaporated and the solid will be collected and disposed as solid waste. The concrete containment cost is treated in the machinery and equipment cost.
WINE AND CHAMPAGNE
The technological process of wine production can be categorized into three main stages.
1st stage: Reception of fresh grape. At this stage, the following operations are carried out:
- Weighing of grape,
- Sampling by automatic extractor for sugar content evaluation, and
- Conveying of grape to pressing operation.
2nd stage: Generally, wine-making operation that take place at this stage are:
- Pressing and desteming of the grape;
- Expulsion of the stalks to the external area; and
- Transfer of the crushed grape to the verification lines.
Having completed the above operation, crushed grape is further processed according to the type of wine to be produced (white or red wine). For example, red wine is processed as follows.
- Partial fermentation (24-36 hrs) in auto-vinificator;
- Extraction of the "flower" must where skins have been already removed;
- Filtration of must by plate filter and transfer to the secondary fermentation vats;
- Extraction of pomade from the vinificators and transfer by means of conveyor to a separator; and
- Extraction of the first pressing must wine from the press separator and its transfer by pumping to the secondary fermentation vats.
3rd stage: Final operations. This includes:-
- Decanting and filtration in order to remove any impurities;
- Correction if required by various treatment methods;
- Blending with other wine which is commonly known as “Cutting";
- Stabilization by refrigeration in isobaric stainless steel vats (8 days equal to about 2 years of natural ageing);
- Pasteurization (80oC ) with the effect to remove active ferments; and
- Bottling during pasteurization.
The spent grapes is the only waste expected in the production process of wine and champagne. This spent grapes will be used as fertilizer or animal feed and doesnot have any adverse impact on environment.
TEJ PROCESSING
The production process involves mixing, fermenting, filtration, filling, corking, labeling, packing, and dispatching.
The required amount of honey and water are mixed in a mixing tank and then fermented by adding yeast produced from previous operation. The fermented honey is aged for 10-20 days by adding the required amount of hop. The aged tej is filtered, bottled, labeled and packed. The filtered residue can be used for wax production. The process is environmentally friendly.
PURIFIED WATER
The processing technologies of mineral water are more or less similar. The major difference arises from the type of bottles, glass or plastic. The glass bottles are normally reused, about 6 to 7 times before they are discarded.
The type of plastic used for bottle making is known as polyethylene terephtalate (PET). They are thin and shatter-proof containers, with glass-like transparence and exceptional strength which results in increased safety.
Each type of bottling has its own advantages and drawbacks. The glass bottles, for example, are heavier, i.e., costly to transports, are brittle and have danger of breakage and need be washed thoroughly. On the other hand, they are reusable. Therefore, it has lower production cost. The PET bottles have some drawbacks such as relatively high production cost and larger factory floor area for their manufacturing. However, they are lighter in weight and thus cheaper for transportation less damaged while filling and easy for handling. Therefore, either of the alternatives can be used based on the preference of the project owner. In this study the plastic bottle has been considered.
The production and bottling of purified water in PET bottles involves processes like raw water storage and treatment, filling and capping, labeling and wrapping.
The major operation in water storage and treatment unit include water color removal, raw water pumping and storage, chemical dosage, filtration using different types of filters, ultraviolet water disinfection ozone generation with recirculation system.
After proper water treatment, the PET bottles are automatically conveyed and transferred to the rinsing rotor where they are subject to rinsing jets. Then the bottles are transferred to the filling and capping rotors. After labeling and sealing, bottles are transferred to the discharge conveyor.
The production process does not have any adverse impact on the environment.
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