Basically the process of making PVC cable involves the coating of the copper wire with PVC plastic. And the process of coating or covering the wire takes the following stages. A wire tensioning and pay off unit carrying the base wire drums releases the wire under proper tension to the cross head mounted on the extruder. The extruder melts and delivers the required quantity of PVC compound to the cross head carrying suitable size nipples and dies in which the actual coating takes place.
Showing posts with label Mechanical. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mechanical. Show all posts
Clutch mechanism making with video
A Clutch is a mechanism
for transmitting rotation, which can be engaged and disengaged. Clutches are
useful in devices that have two rotating shafts. In these devices, one shaft is
typically driven by a motor or pulley, and the other shaft drives another
device. In a drill for instance, one shaft is driven by a motor and the other
drives a drill chuck. The clutch connects the two shafts so that they can
either be locked together and spin at the same speed (engaged), or be decoupled
and spin at different speeds (disengaged).
There are many different
vehicle cultch designs but most are based on one or more friction
Gabion - mesh wire - making process
Gabion is a large rectangular box of netted wire (mesh) used in civil engineering works. Gabion has long been used as a transition method of construction and engineering for protecting river banks from erosion, for hardening the shoulder of roads and the face of slopes to prevent landslide. Gabion is also used for the foundation of water reservoirs.
The plant itself is a simple one. The most important things are power to move the machineries and transporting the heavy raw materials and products.
Galvanized iron wire is set on an automatic wire netting machine and knitted into diamond shaped wire netting. In order to shape the wire netting into the designated tubular form or rectangular cube form, the backbone framework is made. This backbone framework is
shawl, veil and mantilla making
A shawl is a simple item of clothing, loosely worn over the shoulders, upper body and arms, sometimes also over the head. It is usually a rectangular or square piece of cloth, often folded to make a triangle, but can also be triangular in shape at the beginning. Other shapes include oblong shawls.
Shawls are used in order to keep warm, to complement a costume, and for symbolic reasons. Today, shawls are worn for added warmth (and fashion) at outdoor or indoor evening affairs where the temperature is warm enough for men in wool suits but for women are dresses and where a jacket might be inappropriate.
A veil is
How to make Piston for internal combustion engines
The production of piston passes through the following successive process steps:
The process starts by heating the material to 700 degrees Celsius. This is well above the melting point of the aluminum, but below its boiling point. The material is then scooped up with a ladle from the crucible (the pot that holds the molten material). This is then poured into the die through the sprue. The material is then allowed to cool before it is removed from the die and placed into a bin of hot water. This water is used to facilitate a more even settling of the hot metal.
After the castings have had time to cool they are placed into a heat treatment plant overnight. This process tempers the casting and ensures the piston will have improved qualities.
After it is removed from the heat treatment the casting has its runner removed.
This process takes little time and is fully automated.
Pin Boring
At this stage of the piston manufacturing process the casting has the gudgeon pin hole rough machined and the locating bung machined.
The bung
This process is where the casting is machined on the base to allow placement of the casting in other machines. This is carried out on a simple lathe.
This process is where the casting is machined on the base to allow placement of the casting in other machines. This is carried out on a simple lathe.
The pin bore
Pin boring is done in conjunction with the bung turning, as one casting is removed from having the bung face machined it is placed on the pin borer. The pin borer is only a rough machining process which allows the reamer to enter the gudgeon hole later.
Pin boring is done in conjunction with the bung turning, as one casting is removed from having the bung face machined it is placed on the pin borer. The pin borer is only a rough machining process which allows the reamer to enter the gudgeon hole later.
b) CNC Turning
Turning of the casting is carried out on CNC (Computer Numeric Control) machinery. This equipment is the most accurate and fastest available for this application with very tight tolerances and extremely fast spindle speeds.
The castings are placed in the lathe on a bung and held in place by a solid rod through the gudgeon pin hole. A draw bolt is activated in the chuck which draws the rod toward the chuck and holds the piston in place. The lathe is then started and the machining cycle begun. This cycle is programmed into the lathe in a basic language called G-Code (this code is not the only one available). G-Code has basic commands to tell the lathe to move to certain positions (X,Y,Z co-ordinates), at particular spindle speeds (eg S2500 means spindle speed 2500rpm), at particular feed rates (eg G01; rapid traverse) and other commands such as M01 (repeat programme) and others.
As you can see this is a simple system to learn and implement.
After the piston is machined it is removed from the lathe and the part number stamped on the crown (top) of the piston. The piston is now ready for the finishing processes.
As you can see this is a simple system to learn and implement.
After the piston is machined it is removed from the lathe and the part number stamped on the crown (top) of the piston. The piston is now ready for the finishing processes.
c) Drilling
The first stages of the finishing process include drilling, slotting, valve and crank relieving.
- Drilling
Drilling includes all oil holes in places such as the gudgeon pin bosses and oil ring grooves.
- Slotting
Slotting is where slots are placed in the skirt or in the oil ring groove.
- Valve relieving
This process is done on a mill and involves setting the machine up for the process, choosing the correct cutter and completing the job. Since there are so many different types of valve relief it is impossible to have a specialized machine set up to do one job.
- Crank relieving
Crank relieving is carried out on a specialized machine which scallops the skirt of the piston to the required shape and depth by using two opposed cutters placed on a common shaft.
d) Grinding
This process involves the final size being machined on the piston. The grinder machines the skirt of the piston only and in the majority of cases is cam ground. Cam grinding ensures the piston will “grow” evenly in the bore of the engine. A perfectly round piston will expand unevenly during use because of the uneven placement of material in the casting (gudgeon pin bosses and ribbing used for strengthening).
e) Reaming
The final machining process for the piston is that of reaming. This process involves the piston being placed in a bath of oil and reamed at different sizes to reach the final size required. Since the pin boring process is only rough it is necessary to ream the pin bore a number of times to achieve the surface finish and size required. Reaming is not a fast process and is only partially automated (there are automatic feeds on the reaming machines). Tolerances achieved on the finished reamed surface are 0.4Ra.
f) Pin Fitting and Final Inspection
At this stage the piston is cleaned, fitted with the appropriate gudgeon pin, stamped with the pistons' oversize and any other markings, and then sent to dispatch.
g) Dispatch
Finally, the piston is wrapped and sent to the customer.
The technological process used to produce pistons does not have negative impact on the environment.
Granite Cutting Process Description
Dimension stone is the collective description of natural stone, which has been extracted from the earth in an orderly manner, further worked by cutting and processing, then used in various building activities either structurally or for decorative purposes. It includes panels and tiles from marble, granite, slate, sandstone basalt and other related materials
The successful and economical working of granite quarries depends upon an intelligent application of a knowledge of the structure of the rock and its natural divisions in the mass, as well as upon improved methods, tools, and machinery for quarrying. The topographical location of the quarry and its relation to facilities for transportation are important factors that affect the productiveness and greatly modify the actual cost of operations in a given place.
The manufacturing process of granite blocks and slabs involves the following operations: quarry opening; blasting; cutting; polishing and ornamenting.
Quarrying for dimension stone requires a specialized method of extraction. Normal
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
